mixtures cards

Mixture: substance made up of elements and/or compounds that
are not chemically bonded together. They are easy to
separate. ( exs – air, salt water, sand, soil)

Heterogeneous: a mixture in which the individual parts do not look
the same. You can distinguish one part from
another. ( ex. oil and water and sand )

Homogeneous: a mixture in which the individual parts look the same.
You can not distinguish one part from another.
( ex. Air and milk )

compound cards

Compound : pure substance made up of two or more different
elements chemically bonded together. They are hard
to separate. ( exs – salt, water and iron sulfide )


Chemical Formula: a representation of a molecule consisting of
chemical symbols, subscripts and coefficients.
( ex CO2 , N2 , 2NaSO3 )


Chemical Reaction: Is a process in which one substance or set of
substances, known as reactants are changed
into another substance or set of substances known as products.

element note cards

Element: A pure substance made up of only one kind of atom that can not be
broken down into a simpler form.

Chemical Symbol: a representation of the name of an element that consists of
one or two letters.

Periodic Table: A chart of all the known elements found on this earth which Dmitri
Mendeleev first developed in 1869.

Groups: The 18 vertical columns of elements on the table that organizes them into
families with similar chemical properties. The atoms of elements within a
group all have equal numbers of valence electrons.

Periods: The 7 horizontal rows of elements that show how the chemical properties
slowly change as you move across from one element to another. The
atomic number of the elements increases by one, therefore the electron
number increases as well.

Atom Note Cards

Atoms: Building blocks of matter

Atomic Number: number of protons in an atom

Mass Number: number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Proton: positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of
an atom.

Neutron: neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron: negatively charged subatomic particle found on energy
levels outside the nucleus of an atom.

Valance Electrons: The electrons found on the outermost energy level
of an atom. Their number determines how an atom
will bond or not bond with other atoms.

Nucleus: the center of the atom which makes up the mass of the atom.

Neutral Atom: An atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons,
therefore it has no charge.

Ion: An atom that has an unequal number of protons and electrons,
therefore it has a charge.
An atom becomes an ion by either losing or gaining electrons.

Isotope: An atom that has the same number of protons, but different numbers
of neutrons. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different
atomic masses.

force cards

Opportunity/Strategy for you to Review
Complete note cards for the following list and use as a means to review. LEAVE THEM AT HOME, BY YOUR BED!!!!!!!!!
WRITE NEATLY SO THAT THE CARDS ARE A TOOL TO HELP YOU MEMORIZE MATERIAL.



Force: anything that changes the speed of an object; a push or a pull.

Net Force: overall force acting on an object

Unbalanced Forces: change the motion of an object

Balanced Forces: will not change the motion of an object.

Newton’s First Law of Motion: An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will
remain in motion until some unbalanced force acts on it.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion: F = ma

Newton’s Third Law of Motion: For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.

Momentum: a quantity of motion; Momentum = mass x velocity

Conservation of Momentum: the total momentum before and after objects interact is
the same.

motion cards

Motion: a change in position relative to some fixed object.

Reference Point: the fixed object used to determine another object’s motion.

Distance: The length between two points.

Speed: The distance an object travels in one unit of time

Formula for Speed: Distance / Time ( / means divided by )

Velocity: an object’s speed in a given direction.

Acceleration: the change in velocity over time. Three examples are : an increase in speed
a decrease in speed, or a change in direction

Formula for Acceleration : Final Velocity – Initial Velocity / Time for change

matter note cards

Matter: anything that has mass and volume; everything around us

Solid: phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape; molecules are packed very
close together. They have little room for movement.

Liquid: phase of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape; molecules are
packed close together but have room to move.

Gas: phase of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape; molecules are packed very
far apart. They have a lot of room to move


Boyle’s Law: shows the relationship between the volume and the pressure of a contained gas.
States that the volume of a fixed amount of gas varies inversely with the
pressure of the gas.

Charles’s Law: shows the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a
contained gas. States that the volume of a fixed amount of gas varies
directly with the temperature of the gas.

Properties: qualities or characteristics

Physical Properties: characteristics that describe a substance without changing it into
something new or different. Ex. mass, shape, color, density,
texture, size……

Chemical Properties: characteristics that describe how a substance changes into something
new and different. Ex. flammability, rusting/tarnishing, fizzing,
combustability……

Physical Changes: result in a change to a substances physical appearance and not its
chemical composition. Ex. boil, melt, freeze, evaporate, rip/tear,
dissolve ……..

Chemical Changes: result in a change to a substances chemical makeup. New and different
substances are formed. Ex. burn, rust, bleach, explode, rot/corrode …